![]() ![]() Metals and metallic alloys with these characteristics respond to the tension applied by sliding the plates and this process can be reversible unlikely most of the metals do not show this transformation. Its product generates invariant tension in the lattice, producing defects such as twinned plates, stack defects and/or dislocations 23,24. The martensitic transformation occurs by shearing, also called invariant tension of the plane. These can be described starting from orthorhombic unit cells and showing some distortion (monoclinic distortion) when compared to the perfect pilling up of the original phase 22. Then each one of the 6 groups has 2 opposite directions itself and 2 equivalents because the variants are twinned, and 24 variants of martensitic structure single crystal are formed 20,21. It is the case of the transformation from the original b phase (DO 3) to 18R 1 martensite (b'). With stereographic projection 6 groups of these planes were found, each one with 4 variants or clusters around each plane. For instance, beginning with the plane present in the original phase, habitual planes found in the martensitic phase can be calculated. Starting from original b phase single crystal (body-centered cubic crystalline system) a martensitic phase can be obtained by cooling, and 24 martensite variants can be formed to self-accommodating. Martensitic structures can also be originated from the b phase structure. Considering our interest in shape memory copper-based alloys 17-19, simultaneously to the b phase Cu-Zn-Al preparation, martensitic Cu-Zn-Al single crystals were also obtained. Single crystals were orientated in the (111), (110) and (100) crystallographic planes 12,14, using the Laüe back-reflection method 15,16. Our studies began with an easier crystallographic system, a single crystal b phase Cu-Zn-Al alloy, which belongs to the DO 3 ordered structure. To go deeper on electrochemical studies of these copper-based alloys it was decided to study orientated single crystal of these materials.ĭue to the difficulties to buy single crystals of copper-based alloys with a desired composition, a furnace previously described 11 was modified and constructed 12 in our laboratories to obtain single crystals based on the Bridgman's method 13. The electrochemical response obtained with such polycrystalline materials is determined by the contribution of all crystalline planes present on the electrode surface and exposed to the solution. For Cu-Al-Ag alloys, depending on the media and silver or aluminum concentration, the electrochemical behavior was influenced by silver 1-3,6,8 or even controlled by aluminum 4,7,10. Many results obtained for these metallic alloys were strongly influenced by copper, the majority element. These studies were conducted only with mono- or polyphasic polycrystalline alloys in the following metallurgical conditions: as cast, annealed, quenched or submitted to other heat treatments. The electrochemical behavior of copper-based alloys and their pure elements has been studied for many years by the authors in alkaline, salt and acid solutions 1-10. Keywords: single crystal orientation copper-based alloy Laüe back-reflection method. It was observed that the tension stress was applied along the direction. This single crystal was oriented using the Laüe back-reflection method to give surfaces with the following oriented crystallographic planes: (010), (120) and (130). ![]() The single crystal was submitted to 8 tons of tension (stress) along the longitudinal direction to reduce the number of variants and facilitate the surface orientation according to the desired plane. The martensitic phase (monoclinic) can present up to 24 variants, and orienting the surface according to a certain plane is a very hard task. ![]() Ciencia dels Materials y Enginyeria Metal-lúrgica, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franqués 1, E-08028 Barcelona, SpainĪ martensitic single crystal Cu-23.95Zn-3.62(wt.%)Al alloy was obtained melting pure Cu, Zn and Al using Bridgman's method. IICPT Thermal spray Center, Materials Engineering, Dept. IDepartamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara - SP, Brasil Uíslei Carlos Zambrano I Matildes Blanco I Nilso Barelli I Assis Vicente Benedetti I, * Javier Fernández II Laüe back-reflection method for crystallographic orientation of a martensitic Cu-Zn-Al single crystal of the monoclinic system
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Take caution during the installation process though, because you might end up with other applications installed as well. Installation is easy, just agree to the license agreement and continue with the default settings. Taking everything into consideration, we can say that Auslogics Disk Defrag is a neat utility you might want to keep around, especially because of the integrated scheduler. ![]() Accessing the options menu lets you customize the way clusters are displayed and you can choose different color schemes or have bars displayed instead of squares. All features can also be applied for both integrated or removable drives.Ī real time display of the memory sectors is shown, and you can carefully analyze what is going on when a process is put in motion. You can set the application to run its processes when the computer is idle for a given amount of time, daily, weekly, as well as monthly.īesides basic defragmentation, the application lets you run an optimization process, considerably increasing your hard disc drive's efficiency. Once enabled, you are able to fully customize when and what should be performed. One of the most important features the application comes equipped with is the scheduler. Schedule events for better time management Additionally, you can integrate these features in the explorer context menu for enhanced ease of access. A list displays connected storage devices, to which you can perform several operations, found either in the toolbar, or right-clicking on the desired device. The interface is cleverly designed to let nearly anyone accommodate in a jiffy. ![]() Putting it to the test, even with priority set to high, you can still continue working on your projects, while the application performs its tasks. Surprisingly, the application does not use a great amount of your system's resources in order to do its job. Your operating system comes equipped with utilities that enable you to perform such tasks, but you may also use more advanced applications such as Auslogics Disk Defrag. ![]() Every now and then it is a good idea to check your hard disk drive for errors. Using an antivirus to ensure a smooth and proper functioning of your computer is not enough. ![]() Also, always watch the TV/movie adaptation because I’m biased with details and texts is always victorious in that aspect with more flexibility in length and dimensions.Īlright, clear with that. I’ve always had this caution to myself to separate a written story from its media adaptation because they are two different mediums, therefore, there are strengths and weaknesses to each in executing a story. I’m usually particular with writing styles in choosing stories to read, but this is pardonable. The character, I would say, is spot on to the voice of the narrator. The narration is in present, with some flashbacks and side comments (lots of them! Just like me now, egad), so stream of consciousness folks. ![]() In terms of literary technique, the writing style is simple, even childish, though the writer can argue with this as she’s using a first person limited POV to narrate the story. When I finished the first season, there were two weeks before the start of the second season, so I decided to read the translated novel. ![]() Once I’ve adjusted to the elements, and even the fast development of the story, I was hooked even before I knew it. The themes are not that strong, and I felt there were side plots that were not necessary, but there were socially relevant topics and conflicts, so I guess that’s enough for me to carry on. On the other hand, it took some time to adjust to the amateur acting (which got better in time, thank gosh), the language, and even the faces of the actors (these kids are not overly attractive, and as I said too young), but the story was endearing anyway. Seriously, my mom messaged me if something was the matter because of my noise. Then there was a screech of a sound escaping from my lungs. Turns out, the hope and bait is at the very end of the tunnel. Nonetheless, like light at the end of the tunnel, the confusing party scene didn’t have the series sinking entirely. A bold, whooping FAIL was branded to that episode. Well, inside scoop: the whole production and actors got a lot of bashing for this episode as well. The actors looked too young for my taste, the acting was lame, and by the end of the party, some were wasted and I still didn’t know what was going on. Was the show about a bunch of rich spoiled brat teens? It was a party with dialogues that didn’t drew in the viewer at all. My first impression of the first episode was of disbelief. I was only streaming it, so I had the freedom to back out (it’s a different deal when I’ve spent time and effort to download the episodes). I mean, the movies are usually well-made, how about for television?Īnyway, when I watched the first episode, I almost stopped. It was my first Thai TV series, so I had no idea whatsoever how they develop plots, if there’s a mainstream formula, or if they are overly corny or serious. Jumping to the series post some minute of reading about it, I had zero expectation. On the other hand, it’s nice to have a representative in the story once in a while. It’s rare to have an actual fujoshi in a yaoi-themed story because, well, that’s kinda redundant. This thumbnail seemed appealing enough (despite the lame title, I thought it to be too mushy) so I searched the synopsis, found out there’s a fujoshi as perpetrator of the gay angle, and I was sold. It was in the recommended list of Youtube after browsing through many Thai romantic-comedies during my phase of feel-good movies to ease my growing issues of singlehood. I say probably in the most limited sense of a foreigner who gauges popularity based on her own readings. A few years later came the TV series which probably rocked the whole Thai nation with its quirky characters, fluffy yaoi storyline, and of course an ensemble of new, but fresh, handsome and pretty faces as actors. The web novel became so massive online that it was eventually published as a book. However, the two 17 years old high school boys eventually fall in love after the deal brought them closer together. So he asked Noh to become his fake boyfriend in exchange for helping Noh raising fund for his Music Club. Phun needs to convince Pang that he has a boyfriend so that she can help talk their father around the idea of dating his friend’s daughter. Phun’s little sister, Pang, is obsessed with boys’ love. Phun has a girlfriend but his father wants him to date his friend’s daughter. Lovesick: The Chaotic Lives of Blue Shorts Guys is a famous internet novel in Thailand written by Indrytimes. ![]() Recently, my time has been sucked into the amusing, fujoshi-filled world of the series, “Lovesick”. ![]() Both drinks call for frothed, warm milk, but while macchiato has a 2:1 ratio of espresso to milk, the latte has 1:2, and sometimes even 1:3. I’d rather say that latte is more milk than coffee because it’s the opposite of macchiato. Latte is perhaps the most popular blend of coffee and milk, and people love it because of its sweetness and creamy texture. ![]() The milk in a cortado isn’t frothed like in macchiato, but it’s simply warmed and poured into the espresso shot, a doppio I should say. It’s a beverage that wakes you up and soothes your throat equally.Ĭortado in Italian means to cut, and this again implies how the coffee’s acidity is cut with an equal amount of warm milk. What makes cortado a bar favorite is its flavor equality between the punch of espresso and the sweetness of the milk. Macchiato Vs CortadoĬortado is also an espresso-based coffee, but unlike the espresso-milk ratio of macchiato at 2:1, cortado has an equal ratio, which means a balance of flavors between milk and coffee. Since a macchiato is standardly served with a double shot of espresso, you can expect it to have around 120 g of caffeine, that’s more than what an eight-ounce cup of coffee can give you. However, the coffee flavors shouldn’t drown out either as what makes a macchiato is the original taste of espresso coffee tainted with a dash of milk. There you go, a properly “stained” macchiato! A macchiato should taste less bold than an espresso shot since you’ve mixed it with an ounce of milk, which has a milder taste and acidity. You also might want to let it sit for a bit so that the milk and coffee can blend uniformly, and for the crema to rise once again. When pouring, you want to start near the edge of the cup instead of the dead center as to not disturb the composition of the espresso and to properly draw your shape. If you can draw art on the surface, that’s great, but if you can’t, don’t fret, it’s fine. You can tap your container of milk on a surface to rid the excess bubbles before your pour an ounce of it into your espresso. Going back, once you’ve brewed your double shot of espresso, you can now froth and warm your milk, but be sure not to overdo it otherwise too many bubbles may appear. Learn more about caffeine restrictions from the FDA. Furthermore, the chances of metabolic syndrome (cluster of conditions occurring simultaneously such as high blood sugar and pressure) are significantly decreased the more often a person drinks coffee, such as 2 to 3 cups per day. It’s been confirmed in this study that polyphenols in coffee not only introduce wonderful flavor but also come with great health benefits. The hot water and pressure dissolve the water-soluble polyphenols, introducing the variable taste notes of the coffee, but extra-fine grounds would allow more of the bitter-tasting compounds to seep through. ![]() Finer grind size allows the water to deeply penetrate and saturate the grounds, which now has greater surface area exposure, resulting in an even and flavorful extraction despite the short brewing time. Next, you want to grind your coffee to a fine size, but not too powdery as this may cause your joe to taste too bitter. Using light roast coffee will result in a thinner crema and a slightly more acidic cup. A medium or medium-dark roast coffee is preferred to make espresso because these darker roasts contain the necessary complex flavors and the presence of oils to pull a triple-layered shot with a balance of nutty, bitter, and cocoa notes. In emphasis, a macchiato is stronger than a cappuccino or latte. The macchiato in Italian means stained, and it’s a double shot of espresso with an ounce of warm, frothed milk, creating a white stain visible on the surface of the beverage that can be either shaped or left as is.īecause the espresso to milk ratio in a macchiato is 2:1, macchiato presents one of the boldest coffee flavors among espresso-based blends. This well-favored blend of taste and aroma, along with its strong caffeine content and minute serving, make espresso the perfect base for the popular java drinks we enjoy today.Īn espresso shot contains only finely ground coffee beans extracted through a machine with high-temperature water and pressure and served within 30 seconds. Usually served as a double shot or a two-ounce drink, espresso possesses boldly refined flavors and complexity due to its tripartite composition and brewing method. Espresso is well-known to be the foundation of many coffee beverages including the classic americano, cappuccino, and also macchiato. |
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